Studies, Articles, and Publications


Commentary & Reports

Corrections Directions Survey on Shackling

American Association of Correctional Administrators - August 2009

Pregnant Incarcerated Women, The Most Forgotten of the Forgotten
Women's Law Project - February 2010

Giving Birth in Chains: The Shackling of Incarcerated Women During Labor and Delivery
By Anna Clark - July 2009


Mothers, Infants and Imprisonment: A National Look at Prison Nurseries and Community-Based Alternatives
Women's Prison Association, Institute on Women and Criminal Justice - 2009

Women's Health Care in Correctional Settings
Position statement from the National Commission on Correctional Health Care - 2005

In Ohio, Inmate Mothers Care for Babies in Prison
By Steve Inskeep, National Public Radio - August, 2008


The Davidson County Jail for Females:  A Modern-Day Crisis Center
By Kristy Kummerow and Ruby Joyner, Corrections Today - 2008

A Call for Gender Equity for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
National Council on Crime and Deliquency Center for Girls and Young Women - 2008

Abuse of Women in Custody:  Sexual Misconduct and the Shackling of Pregnant Women
Amnesty International - 2008

Addressing the Specific Health Care Needs of Female Adolescents
By Michelle Staples-Horne,
Corrections Today - 2007

Women and Girls in the Criminal Justice System:  Policy Issues and Practice Strategies
Ed. Russ Immarigeon, Civic Research Institute - 2006

Facility Planning to Meet the Needs of Female Inmates
United States Department of Justice: National Institute of Corrections - 2007

Gender-Responsive Programs:  Addressing the Needs of Female Offenders
By Mary L. Livers and Tomi Hiers,
Corrections Today - 2007

The Prison Rape Elimination Act:  Implications for Women and Girls
By Andie Moss,
Corrections Today - 2007

When "Free" Means Losing Your Mother:  The Collision of Child Welfare and the Incarceration of Women in New York State
By Julie Kowitz Margolis and Tamar Kraft-Stolar, Women in Prison Project - 2006

Gender-Responsive Strategies:  Research, Practice, and Guiding Principles for Women Offenders
By Barbara Bloom, Barbara Owen, and Myrna Raeder, National Institute of Corrections - 2003

Gender-Responsive Strategies:  Supervision of Women Defendants and Offenders in the Community
By Linda Sydney, National Institute of Corrections - 2005

The Benefits of Family-Focused, Strength-Based Methods:  Women under Community Justice Supervision and Their Families
By Katie Sawicki and Dominque Day, Community Corrections Project - 2004

Maine's Female Offenders Are Reentering - And Succeeding
By Betty Fortuin, Corrections Today - 2007

A Rallying Cry for Change:  Charting a New Direction in the State of Florida's Response to Girls in the Juvenile Justice System
By Vanessa Patino, Lawanda Ravoira, and Angela Wolf, National Council on Crime and Delinquency - 2006


Research & Statistics

Hard Hit:  The Growth in the Imprisonment of Women, 1977-2004
Women's Prison Association - 2006

Justice by Gender:  The Lack of Appropriate Prevention, Diversion and Treatment Alternatives for Girls in the Juvenile Justice System

The American Bar Association and the National Bar Association - 2001

Women in the Criminal Justice System
The Sentencing Project - 2007

Mothers Behind Bars Fact Sheet
The Rebecca Project for Human Rights

Developing and Validating a Brief Jail Mental Health Screen for Women
By Henry J. Steadman and Pamela Clark Robbins - 2007

Shackling of Pregnant Women in Custody
The Rebecca Project for Human Rights

Sexual Violence, Girls, and the Juvenile Justice System
The Rebecca Project for Human Rights

The Nation's Most Punitive States for Women
By Christopher Hartney, National Council on Crime and Deliquency - 2007

Fact Sheet:  Girls in Juvenile Justice
National Council on Crime and Delinquency